face="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK, KB), 'rising ground' (IM,14 c.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl.), qir (Pav. C.) 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill'
face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
face="Times New Roman Star"very, of course, emphatic adverb
face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü, óñèëèòåëüíîå íàðå÷èå
face="Times New Roman Star"idi (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (KB); id|rig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu)
face="Times New Roman Star"eje
face="Times New Roman Star"@ze
face="Times New Roman Star"eze
face="Times New Roman Star"ara
face="Times New Roman Star"iti
face="Times New Roman Star"ide
face="Times New Roman Star"iji
face="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"eje
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 41, 65, ÝÑÒß 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ÝÑÒß, have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar., Kypch., Osm. inen|, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|a- 'to become soft'
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ums?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"z?umsaq
face="Times New Roman Star"joms?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ums?aq, z?umus?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"jymys?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"jyms?aq, jyms?ax
face="Times New Roman Star"jymys?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 938, VEWT 201, ÝÑÒß 4, 252-253, Stachowski 118. The deriving stem *jym-l/c?a- 'to be soft' is also present in most of the above languages.
face="Times New Roman Star"2 wild onion 3 onion-like edible plant
face="Times New Roman Star"1 âèä ãðèáêà 2 ñúåäîáíîå ðàñòåíèå, ïîõîæåå íà ëóê
face="Times New Roman Star"java 2(?) (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"java (MK) 'al-t.urt_u:t_' [Bib.-Kaz.: 'a reddish edible plant', Belot: 'a medicinal grass', Lane: 'cynomorium']; 'a plant the juice of which is used to colour noodles'.
face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"juwa, Sib. juwa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jawa OKypch (Houts.) 2, 'leek'
face="Times New Roman Star"juva 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ama 'mountain garlic'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'cudbear, lichen'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'horse-tail'
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ua 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jywa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871-872, ÝÑÒß 4, 240. The OUygh. word is attested in a Buddhist text describing blossoming spring plants: o"zlerdeki o"zeklerdeki java c?igidem "the java and the crocuses in valleys and ravines"; so, despite Clauson 414, this is certainly not a mushroom; probably some onion-like plant (ãóñèíûé ëóê?).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 924, VEWT 183, ÝÑÒß 4, 14-15. Note that modern Kypch. and Sib. forms meaning 'lazy, be lazy' (jalqy-, z?|alqy-) do not belong here but are rather borrowed < Mong. z?|alka- having a quite different origin (see under *z?|el/o). On the other hand, cf. the common Turkic derivative *jal-ta-, perhaps reflected in the above Yak. form, as well as in Turkm. jalta, Shor c?altak, Khak. c?alty 'lazy', Tur. jaltak 'bootlicker' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 4, 101-102).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 927, 928, VEWT 203, TMN 2, 214, ÝÑÒß 4, 265, Ëåêñèêà 263. Turkm. and Uzb. dialectal ju"lu"k 'marrow' may reflect a contamination with *ju"lu"k / *juluk 'juice' q. v. sub *dilu.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 942; VEWT 206, ÝÑÒß 4, 221-222, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 136, Stachowski 112. Final -r- in Yak. is somewhat strange - perhaps an early contamination with *ju"r/- q. v. sub *z?|i_ur/i (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 892, Äûáî 182-183, ÝÑÒß 4, 248-249, Ëåêñèêà 253. Turk. > Kalm. z?|udr-x@ 'mit der Faust die Haut abziehen, die Haut und das Fleisch zwa"ngen und so abha"uten' (KW 115). Many modern languages reflect (such as Turkm. jumruq etc.) reflect secondary forms *jumruk or *jumduruk - an obvious result of contamination with *jum- 'round'.
face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Áóä.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ÝÑÒß 4, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach').
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to tune (an instrument) 2 to recuperate 3 to remedy
face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàñòðàèâàòü (èíñòðóìåíò) 2 âûçäîðàâëèâàòü 3 ëå÷èòü
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ed- 2, o"n|edtu"r- (caus.) 3 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(Anatri) @ner- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 179, 182, Åãîðîâ 64, Ìóäðàê 135. Ôåäîòîâ 1, 153 compares the Chuv. form with OT on|ar- 'to correct', which is phonetically worse.